[ { "title": "Library and Archives Canada photograph, circa 1950 — Wikimedia Commons source and public-domain notice", "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kamloops_Indian_Residential_School_classroom_1950.jpg", "citation_number": 1, "source_key": "photo" }, { "id": "original2021", "title": "May 27, 2021 Nation release, reprinted in BC Studies", "url": "https://ojs.library.ubc.ca/index.php/bcstudies/article/download/195826/191216/234860", "date": "2021-05-27", "role": "Original wording: preliminary findings and confirmation of remains, preserved in academic journal.", "citation_number": 2, "source_key": "original2021" }, { "id": "current", "title": "Michael Potestio, Castanet — Exhumation won’t be rushed", "url": "https://www.castanetkamloops.net/news/Kamloops/633315/Tkemlups-chief-pledges-care-on-exhumation-warns-key-records-face-destruction", "date": "2026-10-05", "role": "Current local reporting with direct interview; exhumation is contemplated, no date announced.", "citation_number": 3, "source_key": "current" }, { "id": "audit2022", "url": "https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/DisplayBinaryData.aspx?BAND_NUMBER_FF=688&DOC=Audited%20consolidated%20financial%20statements&FY=2021-2022&lang=eng", "title": "FY2021-2022 audited statements", "kind": "primary", "accessed": "2026-10-06", "read_status": "Parent read original PDF p26 after clockwise rotation, OCR and visual verification.", "citation_number": 4, "source_key": "audit2022" }, { "id": "audit2023", "url": "https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/DisplayBinaryData.aspx?BAND_NUMBER_FF=688&DOC=Audited%20consolidated%20financial%20statements&FY=2022-2023&lang=eng", "title": "TteS consolidated financial statements FY ended March 31 2023; note 13, p 26", "kind": "primary", "accessed": "2026-10-06", "read_status": "Read full relevant passages", "citation_number": 5, "source_key": "audit2023" }, { "id": "audit2024", "url": "https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/DisplayBinaryData.aspx?BAND_NUMBER_FF=688&DOC=Audited%20consolidated%20financial%20statements&FY=2023-2024&lang=eng", "title": "TteS consolidated financial statements FY ended March 31 2024; note 13, p 28", "kind": "primary", "accessed": "2026-10-06", "read_status": "Read full relevant passages", "citation_number": 6, "source_key": "audit2024" }, { "id": "audit2025", "url": "https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/DisplayBinaryData.aspx?BAND_NUMBER_FF=688&DOC=Audited%20consolidated%20financial%20statements&FY=2024-2025&lang=eng", "title": "TteS consolidated financial statements FY ended March 31 2025; note 11, p 27", "kind": "primary", "accessed": "2026-10-06", "read_status": "Read full relevant passages", "citation_number": 7, "source_key": "audit2025" }, { "id": 18, "url": "https://canadianarchaeology.com/sites/default/files/page/gpr_at_kamloops_irs_sarah_beaulieu.pdf", "title": "Ground-Penetrating Radar Best Practices — Sarah Beaulieu", "publication_date_or_year": null, "accessed": "2026-10-06", "source_type": "CAA-hosted presentation slides", "text_file": "/Users/macfebruary-20-2026/Downloads/nfbc-feature-1DH6KL3txe/people-page-18.txt", "evidence": [ "A convex reflective pattern at the upper surface of a grave shaft;\n\n# Common\n\n´ Vertical refractive patterns at the sides of\n\n# features of a\n\nthe grave shaft;\n\n# formal burial ´ A horizontal reflective pattern at the base\n\nof a grave;\n\n# in a cemetery\n\n´ A range of possible reflective patterns for include: the contents of graves.\n\n## GPR Data From a Typical Canadian Cemetery Context with Formal Burials\n\n***Note: the screenshots below are not from the Kamloops Indian Residential School Site***\n\nAdult Burial Child Burial\n\n**Blue box (left): GPR data in Sliceview Grey box (right): GPR radargram data**\n\n## Ground-Penetrating Radar Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc Preliminary Survey\n\n*Note: The faint grey dot under the probable*\n\n*burial was an in-field notation flagging this* *particular anomaly*\n\n|Ground-Penetrating Radar Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc Preliminary Survey||\n|---|---|\n\nNote: The faint grey", "Possible grave shaft soil disturbance\n\n## Ground-Penetrating Radar Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc Preliminary Survey\n\nPossible grave shaft soil disturbance\n\n*Note: The faint grey dot under the probable*\n\n*burial was an in-field notation flagging this* *particular anomaly*\n\n## Ground-Penetrating Radar Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc Preliminary Survey\n\n**Blue box: GPR data in Sliceview Grey box: GPR radargram data**\n\n## Cultural protocols, and\n\n## oral tellings are\n\n´ This fact – the *knowing* – has been as equally recognized by Indigenous communities for generations\n\n## important as the science´ Given the nature and sensitivity of this\n\nwork, one cannot and should not be done behind remote without the other", "not from the Kamloops Indian Residential School Site***\n\nAdult Burial Child Burial\n\n**Blue box (left): GPR data in Sliceview Grey box (right): GPR radargram data**\n\n## Ground-Penetrating Radar Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc Preliminary Survey\n\n*Note: The faint grey dot under the probable*\n\n*burial was an in-field notation flagging this* *particular anomaly*\n\n|Ground-Penetrating Radar Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc Preliminary Survey||\n|---|---|\n\nNote: The faint grey dot under the probable burial was an in-field notation flagging this particular anomaly Possible grave shaft soil disturbance\n\n## Ground-Penetrating Radar Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc Preliminary Survey\n\nPossible grave shaft soil disturbance\n\n*Note: The faint grey dot under the probable*\n\n*burial was an in-field notation flagging this* *particular anomaly*\n\n## Ground-Penetrating Radar Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc Preliminary Survey\n\n**Blue box: GPR" ], "citation_number": 8, "source_key": "P18" }, { "id": 3, "url": "https://blogs.ufv.ca/chasi/2021/07/15/ufv-researcher-confirmed-presumed-unmarked-graves-at-kamloops-residential-school", "title": "UFV researcher confirmed presumed unmarked graves at Kamloops Residential School", "publication_date_or_year": "2021-07-15", "accessed": "2026-10-06", "source_type": "official university news", "text_file": "/Users/macfebruary-20-2026/Downloads/nfbc-feature-1DH6KL3txe/people-page-3.txt", "evidence": [ "Note: this photo shows previous work by Dr. Beaulieu, and is not at the KIRS site.) Dr. Sarah Beaulieu, a University of the Fraser Valley (UFV) anthropologist, presented a summary of her ground penetrating radar (GPR) investigation to media Thursday morning at an event held by Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc First Nation, highlighting 200 “targets of interest” of what are likely to indicate human burials. The Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc First Nation have identified Beaulieu as a collaborating researcher whose work confirmed the probable unmarked graves on the grounds of the former Kamloops Indian Residential School (KIRS). Beaulieu emphasized that remote sensing such as GPR is not the only means of knowing children went missing in Indian Residential School contexts. Beaulieu added that this fact has been recognized by Indigenous communities for generations, and that remote sensing provides specific", "presented a summary of her ground penetrating radar (GPR) investigation to media Thursday morning at an event held by Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc First Nation, highlighting 200 “targets of interest” of what are likely to indicate human burials. The Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc First Nation have identified Beaulieu as a collaborating researcher whose work confirmed the probable unmarked graves on the grounds of the former Kamloops Indian Residential School (KIRS). Beaulieu emphasized that remote sensing such as GPR is not the only means of knowing children went missing in Indian Residential School contexts. Beaulieu added that this fact has been recognized by Indigenous communities for generations, and that remote sensing provides specific coordinates to this truth. Beaulieu, a specialist in conflict archaeology, joined Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc Chief Rosanne Casimir, Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc Legal", "Beaulieu is in UFV’s Social, Cultural and Media Studies department , is a Faculty Associate with CHASI, and is “keenly attentive to the coexistence of voice with silence and agency with marginalization,” said Dow. “That and her commitment to community-led processes is truly inspiring to her colleagues and students.” Beaulieu’s collaborative approach with communities is a vital component of her work. In addition to partnering with Indigenous communities, she has used ground-penetrating radar to identify grave sites at internment camps that were established in Canada during World War I to confine more than 8,500 Canadian residents of Austro-Hungarian and German origin. According to Beaulieu, her work highlights her commitment to being of service to stories and histories that have been marginalized and often undocumented. Beaulieu notes that she is not the only archaeologist collaborating" ], "citation_number": 9, "source_key": "P3" }, { "id": "Globe2026", "url": "https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-tkemlups-unmarked-graves-residential-school-kamloops/", "title": "Globe and Mail May 2026 investigation", "kind": "secondary", "accessed": "2026-10-06", "read_status": "Full article read; underlying ATI documents not obtained", "citation_number": 10, "source_key": "Globe2026" }, { "id": "ISC2023", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/indigenous-services-canada/news/2023/03/125-million-announced-to-build-new-healing-house-in-tkemlups-te-secwepemc.html", "title": "ISC/FNHA/TteS joint healing-house announcement, March 23 2023", "kind": "primary", "accessed": "2026-10-06", "read_status": "Read full relevant passages", "citation_number": 11, "source_key": "ISC2023" }, { "id": "nation2026", "title": "Tk’emlúps — Investigation update, February 17, 2026", "url": "https://tkemlups.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/TteS-Media-Release-Investigation-Update-Feb-17-2026-FINAL.pdf", "date": "2026-02-17", "role": "Full original three-page release; some areas ruled out, other targets remain; Nation says utilities excluded in focal areas.", "citation_number": 12, "source_key": "update" }, { "title": "Tk’emlúps July15 2021 release", "url": "https://tkemlups.ca/wp-content/uploads/July15_Media-Release_Final.pdf", "source_role": "primary contemporaneous Nation account of revised result", "evidence_file": "evidence/nation-july2021.txt", "quotes": [ "After this review, it was determined that there remain 200 targets of interest in these preliminary results." ], "access_limits": "Full original3-page PDF. Says archaeological impact assessments AND construction; does not give15 individual pit IDs.", "retrieved_as_of": "2026-10-06", "citation_id": 4, "citation_number": 13, "source_key": "july2021" }, { "id": "nctr", "title": "National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation — Kamloops school record", "url": "https://nctr.ca/residential-schools/british-columbia/kamloops-st-louis/", "role": "Historical institution and archival source; separate from proof of the specific orchard targets.", "citation_number": 14, "source_key": "nctr" }, { "id": "facebook", "title": "Supplied Facebook group post — October 6, 2026 capture", "url": "https://www.facebook.com/groups/2220163018300367/posts/4535428063440506/", "role": "Lead only: septic-field, 15 test-pit and refusal-to-dig assertions; not independent evidence.", "citation_number": 15, "source_key": "lead" }, { "title": "E.H. Tredcroft, Report re Construction of Sewage Disposal Plant, January20 1926", "url": "https://archives.nctr.ca/uploads/r/National-Centre-for-Truth-and-Reconciliation-NCTR/5/b/8/5b855e229f5038e4d759d0e36a0759776ea7abb75c2b223c49afb6593c3d29af/c-8773-00237-00266.pdf", "source_role": "primary engineering record, LAC facsimile hosted NCTR", "evidence_file": "evidence/septic-1926-ocr.txt", "quotes": [ "months of October, November and December, 1924, and has at this date been in constant use for a period of 12 months" ], "access_limits": "30-page image-only PDF recovered; OCR saved and critical pp6,9 visually checked. Archive stamp RG10 volume6450 file882-9 part2; microfilm c-8773 frames00237–00266. Not a modern subsurface survey. Drawing pages poor contrast.", "retrieved_as_of": "2026-10-06", "citation_id": 6, "citation_number": 16, "source_key": "septic1926" }, { "title": "Graves in the Apple Orchard, 2024 update", "url": "https://gravesintheorchard.wordpress.com/kamloops-residential-school-septic-field/", "source_role": "anonymous critical reconstruction and map-overlay hypothesis", "evidence_file": "evidence/orchard-update.txt", "quotes": [ "In reality, that plan shows a proposed replacement field located just north of the original (Warren, 1937)." ], "access_limits": "Full live article recovered. Author says newLAC scan obtained2024 for$4; gives alternative overlay rotation and correction to prior1937-map interpretation. Not independent georeferenced validation or officialGPR coordinates.", "retrieved_as_of": "2026-10-06", "citation_id": 8, "citation_number": 17, "source_key": "septicblog" }, { "title": "Tristin Hopper, National Post opinion, published May27 updated May28 2026", "url": "https://nationalpost.com/opinion/kamloops-residential-school-graves", "source_role": "opinion with expert interviews", "evidence_file": "evidence/hopper-full.md", "quotes": [ "Francke added, “the hypothesis that this is somehow related to a septic field is plausible.”" ], "access_limits": "Full article body recovered by web_extract using ?output=1; direct HTTP403; first canonical extraction cut off near opening. Abridged blog not relied on as full copy. No independent access to interview emails.", "retrieved_as_of": "2026-10-06", "citation_id": 1, "citation_number": 18, "source_key": "Hopper" }, { "id": 38, "url": "https://secwepemcmuseum.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Le-Estcwicweey-information-pamphlet.pdf", "title": "Le Estcwicwéy̓ information pamphlet", "publication_date_or_year": null, "accessed": "2026-10-06", "source_type": "official Nation/museum pamphlet; June 2024 upload path, exact date unknown", "text_file": "/Users/macfebruary-20-2026/Downloads/nfbc-feature-1DH6KL3txe/people-page-38.txt", "evidence": [ "collaborated with the Natural Resources Department to contract Dr. Beaulieu to conduct a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey. So far, only two (2) acres were surveyed out of a total of what was originally 360,000 acres.\n\n## What is a GPR Survey?\n\nGround Penetrating Radar is a way of detecting what is below the surface. The machine sends electromagnetic waves to map buried objects. See picture below.\n\nDr. Sarah Beaulieu conducting ground penetrating radar\n\n## What will happen to Le Estcwicwéy̓ now?\n\n## What is the 13 Grassroots Advisory Council?\n\nThe 13 Grassroots Family Advisory Council members were recommended by their families and the TteS Language and Culture Department. There is one representative from each of the main family groupings: Andrew- Jules, Auxime-August, Camille, Casimir, Fraser, Gottfriedson, Jules, LaRue, Leonard, Manuel, Paul/Peters, Seymour, and Thomas. The", "Jeanette Jules, Manager of Community** **Engagement & Investigations** **Email:** jeanette.jules@ttes.ca Phone: 250 320 9814\n\n|The TteS Le Estcwicwéy̓ Department hosts the|Manny Jules (13GR), Russel Casimir (13GR), Ted|\n|---|---|\n|TteS 13 Grassroots Advisory Council meetings.|Sr. Gottfriedson (13GR), Fred Seymour (13GR &|\n|The goal of this advisory group is to develop a|Le Estcwicwéy̓ Manager), and Raymond Jensen|\n|plan forward with recommendations to support the recovery of the 215+ children (our|(13GR).|\n|ancestors). The recommendations are|Bottom row (left to right): Leigh LaRue (13GR),|\n|presented to Chief and Council and includes|Connie Jules (13GR), Annette Thomas (13GR),|\n|topics, such as: ceremony space, church|Sheila Severight (13GR), Charlotte Manuel|\n|documents, monumental area, communication|(13GR), Diena Jules (Language and Culture|\n|strategy, education, elders lodge,", "Grassroots Family Advisory Council members were recommended by their families and the TteS Language and Culture Department. There is one representative from each of the main family groupings: Andrew- Jules, Auxime-August, Camille, Casimir, Fraser, Gottfriedson, Jules, LaRue, Leonard, Manuel, Paul/Peters, Seymour, and Thomas. The criteria of selection included: residential school survivors (and decendants), language speakers, traditional knowledge holders, and chosen family heads.\n\n# Kukwstsétsemc\n\n##### Fred Seymour, Manager of Capital\n\n##### Infrastructure & Political Liaison\n\n**Email:** fred.seymour@ttes.ca **Jeanette Jules, Manager of Community** **Engagement & Investigations** **Email:** jeanette.jules@ttes.ca Phone: 250 320 9814\n\n|The TteS Le Estcwicwéy̓ Department hosts the|Manny Jules (13GR), Russel Casimir (13GR), Ted|\n|---|---|\n|TteS 13 Grassroots Advisory Council", "Diena Jules (Language and Culture|\n|strategy, education, elders lodge, federal|Manager), Jeanette Jules (Le Estcwicwéy̓|\n|government funding, Truth and Reconciliation Commission, graveyard, potential international|Manager), Victor Fraser (13GR), and Narcisse|\n\n##### Laurel-Leigh, Project Coordinator\n\n**Email:** laurelleigh.lefthand@ttes.ca **Phone:** 250 318 9738 **Takara Arnould, Wellness Worker** **Email:** takara.arnould@ttes.ca **Phone:** 250 319 8937 **Tamara Narcisse, Administrative Assistant** **Email:** tamara.narcisse@ttes.ca **Phone:** 250 319 6024 **Justin Paquette, Le Est Security Supervisor** **Email:** justin.paquette@ttes.ca **Phone:** 250 320 5594 experts, legal, mental health/traditional wellness, Developing agreements with Ministry of Justice and Attorney General of Canada & BC provincial government, repatriate children home and research.\n\nTop row (left to right):", "Fred Seymour, Manager of Capital\n\n##### Infrastructure & Political Liaison\n\n**Email:** fred.seymour@ttes.ca **Jeanette Jules, Manager of Community** **Engagement & Investigations** **Email:** jeanette.jules@ttes.ca Phone: 250 320 9814\n\n|The TteS Le Estcwicwéy̓ Department hosts the|Manny Jules (13GR), Russel Casimir (13GR), Ted|\n|---|---|\n|TteS 13 Grassroots Advisory Council meetings.|Sr. Gottfriedson (13GR), Fred Seymour (13GR &|\n|The goal of this advisory group is to develop a|Le Estcwicwéy̓ Manager), and Raymond Jensen|\n|plan forward with recommendations to support the recovery of the 215+ children (our|(13GR).|\n|ancestors). The recommendations are|Bottom row (left to right): Leigh LaRue (13GR),|\n|presented to Chief and Council and includes|Connie Jules (13GR), Annette Thomas (13GR),|\n|topics, such as: ceremony space, church|Sheila Severight (13GR), Charlotte Manuel|\n|documents," ], "citation_number": 19, "source_key": "P38" }, { "id": 5, "url": "https://summit.sfu.ca/_flysystem/fedora/2023-06/etd20391.pdf", "title": "Archaeology of Internment at the Morrissey WWI Camp — doctoral thesis", "publication_date_or_year": "2019-07-19", "accessed": "2026-10-06", "source_type": "original thesis", "text_file": "/Users/macfebruary-20-2026/Downloads/nfbc-feature-1DH6KL3txe/people-page-5.txt", "evidence": [ "M.A., Simon Fraser University, 2015\n\n### Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the\n\n### Requirements for the Degree of\n\n### Doctor of Philosophy\n\nin the Department of Archaeology Faculty of Environment\n\n### © Sarah Beaulieu 2019\n\n### SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY\n\n### Summer 2019\n\nCopyright in this work rests with the author. Please ensure that any reproduction or re-use is done in accordance with the relevant national copyright legislation.\n\n## Approval\n\n|Name:|Sarah Beaulieu||\n|---|---|---|\n|Degree:|Doctor of Philosophy||\n|Title:|Archaeology of Internment at the Morrissey WWI Camp||\n|Examining Committee:|Chair: Ross Jamieson Senior Supervisor Associate Professor Eldon Yellowhorn Supervisor Associate Professor First Nations Studies Lubomyr Luciuk Supervisor Professor Royal Military College of Canada David Burley Internal Examiner Professor Iain Banks External Examiner Senior Lecturer", "Examining Committee:|Chair: Ross Jamieson Senior Supervisor Associate Professor Eldon Yellowhorn Supervisor Associate Professor First Nations Studies Lubomyr Luciuk Supervisor Professor Royal Military College of Canada David Burley Internal Examiner Professor Iain Banks External Examiner Senior Lecturer School of Humanities University of Glasgow|Jonathan Driver Professor|\n|Date Defended/Approved:|July 19, 2019||\n\nii\n\n## Ethics Statement\n\niii\n\n## Abstract\n\nTo date, very little is known archaeologically about First World War-era internment camps, especially in Canada, where this history was actively erased through the destruction of the Federal Internment records in the 1950s. Archaeologists can play a fundamental role in contributing knowledge where oral and documentary evidence is lacking. This can be undertaken through a triangulation of data sets commonly used by conflict", "The Endowment Council of the Canadian First World War Internment Recognition Fund provided a generous grant, not only to purchase ground penetrating radar equipment but also for remote sensing training at the CFB Borden Base in Ontario. In addition to this, further support was provided for the excavations at the Morrissey Internment site. Research and excavations are extremely cost prohibitive, and without your support, this excavation would not have been completed on the scale that it was.\n\nMy dissertation research was also funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Council, Canada Graduate Scholarship (SSHRC-CGS-767-2015-2562, 2015-2018), in\n\nix\n\naddition to the President’s Scholarship, the C.D. Nelson Memorial Graduate Entrance Scholarship (a multi-year funding package), and the Provost Prize of Distinction.\n\nx\n\n## Table of", "My master’s research involved using ground penetrating radar (GPR) to survey for additional unmarked graves in the cemetery, where twenty subsurface anomalies (likely graves) were detected. Morrissey’s internment history constitutes a great social injustice, and researching the cemetery could only be a starting point. Hence, a proposal to excavate the internment camp itself as part of my doctoral research became a logical next step in further uncovering the greater story of the PoWs, whose lives were so direly affected by internment, and of their guards.\n\nMorrissey is located in the Elk Valley of southeastern British Columbia. The internment camp was in operation from September 28, 1915 to October 21, 1918 and was one of 24 internment camps that housed 8,579 immigrants from the multinational Austro-Hungarian, German, and Ottoman empires, as prisoners of war (PoWs) on Canadian soil", "Fieldwork involved surveying, mapping, the deployment of a ground penetrating radar (GPR), and excavation within the grounds of the internment camp. A walking traverse of the site along with surface collections of archaeological material were conducted, in addition to the use of maps, aerial photographs, remote sensing methods such as a metal detector, and GPR. Shovel and auger tests were conducted at five-meter intervals, and sub- surface anomalies were recorded, with excavations taking place where concentrations of anomalies were noted. This allowed for the location of the first- and second-class prisoner compounds, the prisoners’ living quarters, the exercise yard, and the privies, as well as the camp canteen and several building footprints of the guards’ quarters. Once these were located, one- and two-meter excavation units were placed at the locations of the German first-class" ], "citation_number": 20, "source_key": "P5" }, { "id": 13, "url": "https://www.historymuseum.ca/blog/unearthing-canadas-first-world-war-internment-history", "title": "Unearthing Canada’s First World War Internment History", "publication_date_or_year": "2022-06-27", "accessed": "2026-10-06", "source_type": "Canadian Museum of History research article", "text_file": "/Users/macfebruary-20-2026/Downloads/nfbc-feature-1DH6KL3txe/people-page-13.txt", "evidence": [ "Her study took place at the Morrissey Internment Camp between 2015 and 2018. Through excavation, analysis of the material culture record, guided tours, interviews with local community members and descendants of the internees, and a memorial service in the Morrissey cemetery, Dr. Beaulieu and her team not only filled in many gaps in the fragmented historical record, but also created awareness about this part of Canada’s history, while fostering dialogue and healing. “This is giving voice to these individuals who have been essentially forgotten about.” Dr. Sarah Beaulieu, archaeologist In operation from September 28, 1915 to October 21, 1918, the Morrissey Internment Camp continuously housed between 70 and 240 internees. As the number of internees increased, prisoners were divided into first- and second-class groups based on nationality. Germans were considered first-class prisoners and", "Fieldwork involved surveying, mapping, deploying a ground penetrating radar, and excavating within the grounds of the internment camp. This allowed the team to locate the prisoners’ compounds and living quarters, the exercise yard, and the privies, as well as the camp canteen and several building footprints of the guards’ quarters. Historical Archaeology The fieldwork and collection of artifacts recovered reflect the interconnected facets of daily life at the Morrissey Internment Camp, such as diet and health, self-care and leisure, resistance and expression, and faith and identity. The examination of the faunal assemblage, for example, offers a plausible explanation to the prisoners’ constant complaints regarding the lack of food and the poor quality of meat. It confirms that, as the war went on, there was a definitive increase in the quantity of bone-in meat, cheaper cuts, and a" ], "citation_number": 21, "source_key": "P13" }, { "id": 1, "url": "https://ufv.ca/chasi/services/ground-penetrating-radar", "title": "UFV CHASI: Ground Penetrating Radar", "publication_date_or_year": null, "accessed": "2026-10-06", "source_type": "official institutional service page", "text_file": "/Users/macfebruary-20-2026/Downloads/nfbc-feature-1DH6KL3txe/people-page-1.txt", "evidence": [ "Training at the Canadian Forces Base Borden, she received her certification in 2016 and initially began using radar to search for the lost footprints of Canada’s WWI internment sites as well as in search of unmarked prisoner of war (POW) graves. Dr. Beaulieu has worked for First Nations communities to survey both Indigenous cemeteries and search for residential school burial sites. Additionally, she has liaised with the RCMP in search of clandestine graves and has surveyed city cemeteries. With Dr. Beaulieu’s anthropological background and her extensive community-driven work , she has developed a reputation for being able to interpret radar scans in a way that is both culturally sensitive and follows traditional cultural protocols. The GPR systems work by emitting a short electromagnetic pulse in the ground through a wide-band antenna. Reflections from the ground are then measured to", "liaised with the RCMP in search of clandestine graves and has surveyed city cemeteries. With Dr. Beaulieu’s anthropological background and her extensive community-driven work , she has developed a reputation for being able to interpret radar scans in a way that is both culturally sensitive and follows traditional cultural protocols. The GPR systems work by emitting a short electromagnetic pulse in the ground through a wide-band antenna. Reflections from the ground are then measured to form a vector. An image is built by displaying these vectors side by side with the displacement of the antenna. By moving the antenna along a line and taking regularly spaced acquisitions, it is possible to construct an image representing a vertical slice of the ground. The GPR system is connected to a laptop computer that displays these images in real-time. The data is also recorded on the computer for" ], "citation_number": 22, "source_key": "P1" }, { "id": 41, "url": "https://blogs.ufv.ca/chasi/2022/08/05/dr-sarah-beaulieu-receives-tenure-track-appointment", "title": "Dr. Sarah Beaulieu receives tenure-track appointment", "publication_date_or_year": "2022-08-05", "accessed": "2026-10-06", "source_type": "official university appointment announcement", "text_file": "/Users/macfebruary-20-2026/Downloads/nfbc-feature-1DH6KL3txe/people-page-41.txt", "evidence": [ "tenure-track appointment to the School of Culture, Media and Society. As an anthropologist with a research focus in modern conflict anthropology, Dr. Beaulieu’s work is key to understanding facets of Canadian history that have remained in the shadows for too long. Dr. Beaulieu places the communities she works alongside and the students she mentors at the centre of her engagement with some of the most pressing questions of our time. In 2021, Dr. Beaulieu’s efforts in supporting the work of the Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc First Nation sparked international attention on Canada’s residential school system. Dr. Beaulieu is also the first person to lead the excavation of WWI internment sites in Canada, helping to highlight stories of internees who have been largely ignored by the historical record. Work at one such site is documented in the CHASI’s documentary Fragments of History , and in a" ], "citation_number": 23, "source_key": "P41" }, { "id": 34, "url": "https://tkemlups.ca/kukwpi7-rosanne-casimir", "title": "TteS: Kúkwpi7 Rosanne Casimir biography", "publication_date_or_year": null, "accessed": "2026-10-06", "source_type": "official Nation biography, older term description", "text_file": "/Users/macfebruary-20-2026/Downloads/nfbc-feature-1DH6KL3txe/people-page-34.txt", "evidence": [ "Primary Portfolio: Public Relations / External Affairs / Legal / Le Estcwicwéy̓\n Secondary Portfolio: Sc.wén̓wen\n\nTo obtain time with Kúkwpi7 Rosanne Casimir, please complete the downloadable form below and email it to [[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#b8fbd7cdd6dbd1d4ebcdc8c8d7caccecddd9d5f8ccccddcb96dbd9). Please note, incomplete forms will not be considered.\n\n**Message from Kúkwpi7 Rosanne Casimir:**\n\nWeyt-kp Xwexwéytep,\n\nIt is with great pleasure that I take this opportunity to say kukwstsétsemc to membership for electing me as your Kúkwpi7 for a second three-year term. I am a strong confident woman leading by example and am a Kúkwpi7 – Chief, Kíyce – Mother, Kyé7e – Grandmother, Wife, and Role Model.\n Two other important roles I uphold with honour is Tribal Chief for the Shuswap Nation Tribal Council (SNTC) representing nine first nation communities within", "Certificate and a Diploma in Business Administration, Okanagan University.\n- Certificates in Negotiation Skills Training, Banff Leadership Development Center.\n- Certificate for On Reserve Matrimonial Real Property Training.\n- Three (3) Business Excellence and First Nation’s Women in Business Awards as a Wrap Artist, WrapZone.\n- Graduate of the Home Support and Long-Term Care Aide Program.\n- Choices Leadership Training.\n- Cultural Secwépemc Songs and Dances.\n- Housing Manager, The Kekuli Center, for Youth at Risk.\n- Recipient of a 2001 International Year of Volunteers Certificate from Canada Revenue Agency as a Canadian Volunteer from Jean Chretien, Prime Minister of Canada.\n- Volunteer in the World Fusion of Wearable Art Fashion Show 2017 as a model to raise money and awareness for the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women, hosted in Tḱemlúps te Secwépemc.\nKúkwpi7 Rosanne Casimir has" ], "citation_number": 24, "source_key": "P34" }, { "id": "WS121", "url": "https://irsrg.ca/articles/blacked-out-ottawa-censors-files-on-12-1-million-spent-searching-for-alleged-kamloops-residential-school-graves/", "title": "Western Standard March 6 2026, republished IRSRG", "kind": "secondary", "accessed": "2026-10-06", "read_status": "Extract garbled; 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